Third, parents adapted, from kindergarten to Grade 1, their teaching behaviors to their children's progress in reading, whereas shared reading decreased over time.

Second, children with stronger early literacy skills in kindergarten read independently more frequently once they were in Grade 1. First, the frequency of shared reading and teaching of reading at home predicted the frequency of children's independent reading 1 year later. Findings extended previous research in four ways.

Stringent path analyses that included all auto-regressors were conducted. Tested was a longitudinal model of the hypothesized relations among maternal home literacy activities (shared reading and teaching of reading), children's reading skills, independent reading, and their interest in literacy activities/tasks as children progressed from kindergarten to Grade 2. Mothers completed questionnaires on their home literacy activities at each test time, and they reported the frequency with which their children read independently twice when children were in grade school. Children ( N = 378) were tested and interviewed at the ends of kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2. Two facets of children's engagement were examined, namely, children's independent reading at home and their interest in literacy activities. The present study was conducted to expand the Home Literacy Model by examining its relation with children's engagement in literacy activities at home and at school as Finnish children transitioned from kindergarten to Grades 1 and 2. In contrast, code-related literacy activities focus on the print, for example, activities such as when parents teach their children the names and sounds of letters or to read words. First, meaning-related literacy activities are those where print is present but is not the focus of the parent-child interaction, for example, when parents read storybooks to their children. According to the Home Literacy Model (Sénéchal and LeFevre, 2002, 2014), young children can be exposed to two distinct types of literacy activities at home.

Kindergarten reading activity